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Reference and ManualHosting Glossary PHP HTML 4.01 CSS 2.0 Core Javascript 1.5 XHTML 1.0
XHTML Manual3. Normative Definition of XHTML 1.0Contents
This section is normative. 3.1. Document ConformanceThis version of XHTML provides a definition of strictly conforming XHTML 1.0 documents, which are restricted to elements and attributes from the XML and XHTML 1.0 namespaces. See Section 3.1.2 for information on using XHTML with other namespaces, for instance, to include metadata expressed in RDF within XHTML documents. 3.1.1. Strictly Conforming DocumentsA Strictly Conforming XHTML Document is an XML document that requires only the facilities described as mandatory in this specification. Such a document must meet all of the following criteria:
An XML declaration is not required in all XML documents; however XHTML document authors are strongly encouraged to use XML declarations in all their documents. Such a declaration is required when the character encoding of the document is other than the default UTF-8 or UTF-16 and no encoding was determined by a higher-level protocol. Here is an example of an XHTML document. In this example, the XML declaration is included.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Virtual Library</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Moved to <a href="http://example.org/">example.org</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>
3.1.2. Using XHTML with other namespacesThe XHTML namespace may be used with other XML namespaces as per [XMLNS], although such documents are not strictly conforming XHTML 1.0 documents as defined above. Work by W3C is addressing ways to specify conformance for documents involving multiple namespaces. For an example, see [XHTML+MathML]. The following example shows the way in which XHTML 1.0 could be used in conjunction with the MathML Recommendation:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>A Math Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following is MathML markup:</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply> <log/>
<logbase>
<cn> 3 </cn>
</logbase>
<ci> x </ci>
</apply>
</math>
</body>
</html>
The following example shows the way in which XHTML 1.0 markup could be incorporated into another XML namespace:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- initially, the default namespace is "books" -->
<book xmlns='urn:loc.gov:books'
xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6' xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<title>Cheaper by the Dozen</title>
<isbn:number>1568491379</isbn:number>
<notes>
<!-- make HTML the default namespace for a hypertext commentary -->
<p xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
This is also available <a href="http://www.w3.org/">online</a>.
</p>
</notes>
</book>
3.2. User Agent ConformanceA conforming user agent must meet all of the following criteria:
Note that in order to produce a Canonical XHTML document, the rules above must be applied and the rules in [XMLC14N] must also be applied to the document.
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